The State Hamilton Index: Most States Underperform in Advanced Industries

The 2025 State Hamilton Index reveals that most U.S. states are underperforming in advanced industries such as biotech, electronics, and aerospace, with only four states—Washington, Virginia, Indiana, and Michigan—outpacing the global average. The report highlights geographic concentration and a lack of cohesive national strategy as key barriers to broader innovation. States like California dominate in employment numbers, but smaller states with targeted industrial focus often outperform in specialization. The findings urge federal and state governments to align on policies that build regional tech hubs and reduce reliance on foreign competitors, particularly China.