Environmental Outlook on the Triple Planetary Crisis: Stakes, Evolution and Policy Linkages

This OECD Environmental Outlook examines the “triple planetary crisis” of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution and how these interconnected challenges threaten ecosystems, economies, and human well-being. Using integrated modelling and economic projections, the report analyzes how population growth, industrial activity, agriculture, and resource consumption are driving environmental pressures through 2050. It highlights how current policies may slow but not stop rising environmental risks and explores how coordinated policy approaches can address multiple environmental challenges simultaneously. The report offers a roadmap for governments to develop integrated, evidence-based strategies that reduce environmental harm while supporting sustainable economic growth and resilience.